Triaxial Cyclic Test in Indonesia is an essential laboratory method in geotechnical engineering used to analyze the dynamic properties of soil. This test evaluates soil response to cyclic loading caused by earthquakes, traffic vibrations, or industrial machinery. By conducting this test, engineers can design safer and more resilient foundations, embankments, and infrastructure projects in one of the world’s most seismically active regions.
Principles of the Triaxial Cyclic Test
The Triaxial Cyclic Test works by applying confining pressure to a cylindrical soil specimen inside a triaxial cell, followed by repeated axial loading with specific amplitudes and frequencies. Key parameters measured include:
Shear Modulus (G): Indicates soil stiffness.
Damping Ratio (D): Represents the soil’s ability to dissipate vibration energy.
Pore Water Pressure Build-up: A critical indicator for soil liquefaction potential.
Related article: The Role Of Cyclic Triaxial Test In Analyzing Soil Dynamic Strength
Standard Testing Procedure in Geotechnical Laboratories
Sample Preparation – Soil specimens are collected (undisturbed or reconstituted), typically 38–50 mm in diameter and 76–100 mm in height.
Instrumentation – LVDT sensors measure axial deformation, while piezometers track pore water pressure.
Confining Pressure Setup – Water or oil is used inside the triaxial cell to simulate field conditions.
Cyclic Loading – Frequencies between 0.1–2 Hz replicate earthquake or traffic-induced stresses.
Data Acquisition – Stress–strain, deformation, and pore pressure data are recorded using a digital logging system.
Technical Specifications of the Triaxial Cyclic Test
| Parameter | Standard Specification |
|---|---|
| Sample Diameter | 38 mm / 50 mm |
| Sample Height | 76 mm / 100 mm |
| Confining Pressure | 50 – 400 kPa |
| Cyclic Load Frequency | 0.1 – 2 Hz |
| Deformation Sensor | LVDT, 0.001 mm resolution |
| Pore Pressure Sensor | Accuracy ±0.1 kPa |
| Data Recording System | Digital logger ≥ 100 Hz |
| Standards | ASTM D5311 / JGS 0541 |
Testing Standards
ASTM D5311: Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil.
JGS 0541: Japanese Geotechnical Society Standard for Cyclic Triaxial Testing.
SNI Geotechnical Standards: Adapted from ASTM for Indonesian conditions.
👉 Learn more at ASTM International.
Applications of the Triaxial Cyclic Test in Indonesia
Liquefaction Analysis – Especially in earthquake-prone areas like Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi.
Port and Harbor Design – To reduce structural damage from waves and seismic loads.
Foundation Engineering – For highways, railways, and bridge construction.
Academic Research – Conducted by universities and geotechnical research institutes.
Advantages of the Triaxial Cyclic Test
Accurately simulates real field conditions.
Provides dynamic soil data not available from static tests.
Supports performance-based design using advanced numerical modeling.
Why It Matters
Given Indonesia’s high seismic risk, the Triaxial Cyclic Test in Indonesia is a vital tool for safe and sustainable infrastructure. It ensures structures are designed to withstand dynamic loads, reduce failure risks, and comply with international safety standards.